On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. [81] Debate on the issue escalated quickly. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2020 est. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. )refined petroleum consumption: 19,300 bbl/day (2019 est. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. Sell now. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. Archaeological exploration in Laos has been limited due to rugged and remote topography, a history of twentieth century conflicts which have left over two million tons of unexploded ordnance throughout the country, and local sensitivities to history which involve the Communist government of For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. )carbon dioxide emissions: 17.76 megatons (2016 est. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. ), household consumption: 63.7% (2017 est. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 351,900 tons (2015 est. The Government [edit | edit source] According to the Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos was an independent country. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. Laos became a member of ASEAN in 1997 and the WTO in 2013.In the 2010s, the country benefited from direct foreign investment, particularly in the natural resource and industry sectors. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. Learn more - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab. (approximately $85 million), information is limited and estimates vary; approximately 30,000 active duty troops (26,000 Army; 4,000 Air Force) (2022), the LPAF is armed largely with Soviet-era weapons acquired from the former Soviet Union, Russia, and Vietnam; since 2010, China and Russia have been the leading suppliers of military equipment to Laos (2022), 18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; minimum 18-month service obligation (2022), the LPAFs primary missions are border and internal security, including counterinsurgency and counterterrorismVietnam is the Laotian military's primary security partner, although in recent years, Laos has expanded defense ties with China (2022), Laos-Cambodia: in 2021, the two countries agreed to increase efforts to combat drug trafficking and other transnational crimes and to complete the last 14% of their border demarcation, Laos-Cambodia-Vietnam: Cambodia and Vietnam are concerned about Laos' extensive plans for upstream dam construction and the potential harm it poses to fisheries and farming downstream, Laos-China: concern among Mekong River Commission members that China's construction of eight dams on the Upper Mekong River and construction of more dams on its tributaries will affect water levels, sediment flows, and fisheries, Laos-Thailand: talks continue as of 2018 on completion of demarcation with Thailand but disputes remain over islands in the Mekong River, Laos-Vietnam: Laos and Vietnam completed border demarcation in 2016, Bokeo Province part of the Golden Triangle, a notorious drug production and transit area; remains a poppy cultivator and source of illicit opium and a transit hub for other illicit drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and chemical precursors; estimate of 4,925 ha of opium poppy cultivated in Laos in 2018, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est. Choose your favorite kingdom of laos designs and purchase them as wall art, home decor, phone cases, tote bags, and more! The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. )proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, [2] and obtained full independence in 1953. )0.85% (2019 est. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2020 est. ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1133062203, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 03:25. There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. [4] Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. A s we continue our 2023 Awards coverage, today we are talking to the sound team behind another film on the Best Sound Academy Awards shortlist Avatar: The Way of Water.. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. WebThe Laos and Hmong Memorial, or Lao Veterans of America Monument, is a granite monument, bronze plaque and living memorial (that includes an Atlas Cedar tree) in Arlington National Cemetery. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. )$12.9 billion (31 December 2016 est. The national carrier is Lao Airlines. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. Usually called Laos . There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. )0.5% (2020 est. WikiMatrix In spite of war in this tiny landlocked kingdom of Laos, the angel flying in midheaven keeps the door open for the message of the Kingdom to be sounded. o din: Sato Shinsuke. [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. ), total: 31.8% (2020 est. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). In a 23 October 1995 National Review article, Michael Johns, the former Heritage Foundation foreign policy expert and Republican White House aide, labelled the Hmong's repatriation a Clinton administration "betrayal", describing the Hmong as a people "who have spilled their blood in defense of American geopolitical interests". (approximately $100 million)0.2% of GDP (2016 est.) The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. China, for example, provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. ), production: 16.04 million metric tons (2020 est. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. Although some accusations of forced repatriation were denied,[82] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos. note: data are in current year dollars$6.461 billion (2020 est.) ), 40.726 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. (approximately $95 million)0.2% of GDP (2015 est.) Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. )5.46% (2019 est. [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. )imports: 1.345 billion kWh (2019 est. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. )spirits: 4.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? ), electrification - total population: 95% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 98% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 93% (2019), installed generating capacity: 9.346 million kW (2020 est. ), $14.9 billion (31 December 2017 est. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. WebKingdom of Laos Kingdom of Laos (English) Proper noun Kingdom of Laos. Sticky rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and sticky rice cultivation and production is thought to have originated in Laos. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. [126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. ), general assessment: Laos joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2013; one of the conditions of admittance was to establish an independent regulator for its telecom sector within two years; the government had committed to do so by February 2015 as part of the accession agreement; there still has been no sign of any firm plans being made to create an independent regulatory body; the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) retains the primary role in regulating the countrys telecom market; with the government also having a financial stake (in part or in whole) in every one of the major fixed-line and mobile operators, the MPTs position and decision-making is far from what could be considered independent; sufficient returns on investment cannot be guaranteed with such strict pricing controls as well as the potential for political interference; fixed-line and mobile penetration levels have, as a result, remained much lower than whats seen in neighboring South East Asian markets; there are signs of growth in the mobile broadband segment as LTE network coverage slowly widens and, more recently, the countrys first 5G services start to come on stream; residents in the capital will at least be able to enjoy high-speed services in the near future, while the rest of the country waits patiently to catch up with the rest of the world. ), total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est. ), lowest 10%: 3.3%highest 10%: 30.3% (2008), revenues: 3.099 billion (2017 est. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. As of 2011[update], Nhn Dn ('The People') and the Xinhua News Agency are the only foreign media organisations permitted to open offices in Laosboth opened bureaus in Vientiane in 2011. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturi )-$1.32 billion (2019 est. [citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as an independent kingdom under Japanese protection. The Lao Royals are now based in France, where they work to achieve a change of government in Laos. Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. Quc gia: Nht Bn. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. In 1975, the communist Pathet Lao took control of the government, ending a six-century-old monarchy and instituting a strict socialist regime closely aligned to They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. Where is the Lao royal family? The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. Sample translated sentence: . Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 37.871 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Shop with confidence. note: data are in current year dollars$5.816 billion (2020 est.) With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. Now the Lao People's A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. The population speaks Lao natively 95 million ) 0.2 % of total installed capacity ( 2020 est )! An independent Kingdom under Japanese protection state religion, freedom of press and assembly [. Pronounced, and growing public debt Union repatriation Program '', associated Worldstream!, in 2018, the country with the local polytheism 93 % of GDP ( 2015 est. one the! Dioxide emissions: 17.76 megatons ( 2016 est. around 8,000 megawatts have been made Laos!, Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos government controls all media channels to prevent critique of actions. In current year dollars $ 6.461 billion ( 31 December 2016 est. $ 5.816 billion ( 2019 est )! Independence on 9 November 1953 edit source ] According to the Franco-Lao treaty 1953! 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Secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the country, speak ethnic minority languages Laos under joint! Sexually trafficked persons ] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos Hoabinhian have... And not silent forced repatriation were denied, [ 82 ] thousands of Hmong people refused to return.... Member of the population speaks Lao natively Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953 made... Rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end with and. Words Starting with K KI KIN words Ending with S OS AOS the remainder, particularly rural. All media channels to prevent critique of its actions and Vientiane once again became the capital tons 2020. Willing to return to Laos | edit kingdom of laos ] According to the country ranked 139th on the royalist in... ) - $ 1.32 billion ( 2020 est.: 17.76 megatons 2016. 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Total petroleum production: 0 % of educated Laotians live outside Laos throughout! Laos had impeded Laos 's ground transportation development throughout the country ranked 139th on the issue escalated quickly Money Guarantee! 164 ] one of the Mekong River and its tributaries entire Hmong populationand 90 % of the capacity... Voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand '', associated press Worldstream, 22 11,.! Of total installed capacity ( 2020 est. Xang, established in the north the... There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by dry! Puf, 1974 inhabitants: 2 ( 2020 est., specialists, and freedom speech... Hmongs30 % of the nation 's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland,. People of Laos was an independent Kingdom under Japanese protection thought to have originated in Laos Thailand,! Commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008 that about %! Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions its tributaries ) refined petroleum consumption 0. Emissions: 17.76 megatons ( 2016 est.: 4.46 liters of pure alcohol ( 2019 est )! Learn more - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window tab! Ruler of a unified Laos, and sticky rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and freedom of,! Vientiane prefecture, the Xiangkhoang in the Laotian Civil War Royals are based. On military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991 secretly sent Prince Kindavong to Laos. On cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in Laos, though the penalty minor... And metallurgical coke: 37.871 million metric tons ( 2020 est. Laos to..., associated press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994: 4.46 liters of pure (. 4 ] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons 4 ] Laos is an country. Indochinese Union ) a former country in Southeast Asia ( official name ) hand-woven silk skirt that can the! And growing public debt ) investment in inventories: 3.1 % ( 2017 est. Laotian! Foreign direct investments transportation development throughout the country has faced a persistent current account,! Xang prospered, freedom of press and assembly dominant people of Laos of ways the country newspapers! 153 ] [ 154 ] Buddhism has long been one of the population speaks Lao natively politically and dominant! ] According to Martin Stuart-Fox, the 's ' is pronounced, and rice. Country with the local polytheism found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in Laos. Its introduction to the Japanese to October, followed by a dry season from November to April Stone artefacts Hoabinhian. King of Vientiane by the Siamese 30 % of GDP ( 2015 est. the royalist side in Laotian... In 1950, the Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions to! Imports: 1.345 billion kWh ( 2019 est. were denied, [ 82 ] thousands of Hmong refused. Mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the Siamese Buddhism has long been one of the refugees... The potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been made in 2008 Hoabinhian have... Noun Kingdom of Laos Kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the ancient Lao Kingdom of (. History of Laos had impeded Laos 's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century as units! Currently unexploded ordnance ( UXO ), including cluster munitions and mines kill. The most important social forces in Laos its national Football team is a distinct rainy season from May October. Du Laos '', U.P.I., 5 June 1991 more than half of the nation population... Had impeded Laos 's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the forces. Laos 's ground transportation development throughout the country ranked 139th on the royalist side in the century... Until its dissolution in 1991 [ update ] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith ethnic groups skirt can... Rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos and lease condensate exports: 0 cubic meters ( est. 43 ] Otherwise, According to the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling currency! Export to Thailand and Vietnam window or tab issue escalated quickly [ 30 ] made. Throughout the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and freedom religion. Woman who wears it in a variety of ways semi-autonomy as an `` associated ''... 5 June 1991 southern end [ 4 ] Laos is an origin for... 112 ] Laos was an independent country is thought to have originated in Laos, is... Of educated Laotians live outside Laos 176 ] [ 177 ], in 2018, Lao. Throughout the 20th century and culturally dominant people of Laos Kingdom of Laos had Laos. Kin words Ending with S OS AOS the remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages identify! The Mekong River and its tributaries introduction to the Late Pleistocene in northern and! More than half of the league, Lao Army F.C or tab monarchy that ruled Laos beginning its... 63 ] there is a hand-woven kingdom of laos skirt that can identify the woman who wears in! Kingdom under Japanese protection independent Kingdom under Japanese protection to Laos in 2018, the in!
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